基于Spring Boot 3 + Spring Security6 + JWT + Redis实现登录、token身份认证

在现代 web 应用程序中，安全性尤为重要。Spring Boot 3 和 Spring Security 6 提供了强大的安全功能，通过 JWT（JSON Web Token）和 Redis 的结合，可以实现高效的身份认证与授权。本文将介绍如何基于 Spring Boot 3、Spring Security 6、JWT 和 Redis 实现用户登录及 token 身份认证。

1. 项目依赖

首先，我们需要在 pom.xml 中添加相关的依赖：

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
        <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
        <version>0.9.1</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2. 配置 Redis

在 application.yml 中，我们需要配置 Redis 连接信息：

spring:
  redis:
    host: localhost
    port: 6379

3. JWT 工具类

接下来，我们创建一个 JWT 工具类，用于生成和解析 token。

import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Component
public class JwtUtil {
    private final String SECRET_KEY = "your_secret_key"; // 密钥
    private final long EXPIRATION_TIME = 86400000; // 1天

    // 生成 token
    public String generateToken(String username) {
        Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>();
        return createToken(claims, username);
    }

    private String createToken(Map<String, Object> claims, String subject) {
        return Jwts.builder()
                .setClaims(claims)
                .setSubject(subject)
                .setIssuedAt(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()))
                .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRATION_TIME))
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, SECRET_KEY)
                .compact();
    }

    // 验证 token
    public boolean validateToken(String token, String username) {
        final String extractedUsername = extractUsername(token);
        return (extractedUsername.equals(username) && !isTokenExpired(token));
    }

    public String extractUsername(String token) {
        return extractAllClaims(token).getSubject();
    }

    private Claims extractAllClaims(String token) {
        return Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(SECRET_KEY).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
    }

    private boolean isTokenExpired(String token) {
        return extractAllClaims(token).getExpiration().before(new Date());
    }
}

4. 用户登录控制器

实现一个控制器，处理用户的登录请求。

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/auth")
public class AuthController {

    @Autowired
    private JwtUtil jwtUtil;

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService; // 假设存在一个服务类处理用户逻辑

    @PostMapping("/login")
    public ResponseEntity<?> login(@RequestBody LoginRequest loginRequest) {
        // 验证用户
        User user = userService.validateUser(loginRequest.getUsername(), loginRequest.getPassword());
        if (user != null) {
            String token = jwtUtil.generateToken(user.getUsername());
            return ResponseEntity.ok(new AuthResponse(token));
        } else {
            return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED).body("无效的用户名或密码");
        }
    }
}

5. Security 配置

最后，我们需要配置 Spring Security，以支持 JWT 的身份认证。

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    private JwtRequestFilter jwtRequestFilter; // 自定义的过滤器

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.csrf().disable()
                .authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/api/auth/login").permitAll()
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
                .and().sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);

        http.addFilterBefore(jwtRequestFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
    }
}

6. 自定义 JWT 过滤器

我们还需要创建一个 JWT 过滤器，以便在请求中解析和验证 token。

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;

import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class JwtRequestFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {

    @Autowired
    private JwtUtil jwtUtil;

    @Autowired
    private UserDetailsService userDetailsService;

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        final String authorizationHeader = request.getHeader("Authorization");

        String username = null;
        String jwt = null;

        if (authorizationHeader != null && authorizationHeader.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
            jwt = authorizationHeader.substring(7);
            username = jwtUtil.extractUsername(jwt);
        }

        if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) {
            UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);
            if (jwtUtil.validateToken(jwt, userDetails.getUsername())) {
                UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken usernamePasswordAuthenticationToken = 
                    new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
                usernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request));
                SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(usernamePasswordAuthenticationToken);
            }
        }
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }
}

总结

通过以上步骤，我们成功地实现了一个基于 Spring Boot 3、Spring Security 6、JWT 和 Redis 的身份认证示例。用户可以通过登录接口获取 token，后续请求只需携带该 token 即可完成身份验证。这种方式不仅安全可靠，而且性能优越，适合于现代分布式系统中的身份认证场景。

请注意，以上代码仅为示例，实际应用中需要根据具体需求进行相应的调整和完善。同时，不要忘记进行安全性加固，例如对密码进行加密存储、设置适当的 token 过期时间等。