在Java中,调用HTTP接口有多种方式,各种方法适用于不同的场景。本文将介绍四种常用的HTTP请求方式:HttpURLConnection、OKHttp、HttpClient和RestTemplate,并提供相应的代码示例。

1. 使用 HttpURLConnection

HttpURLConnection 是Java内置的HTTP客户端,它是较为底层的API,使用起来需要处理相对较多的细节。

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

public class HttpURLConnectionExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String urlString = "http://www.example.com/api";
        try {
            URL url = new URL(urlString);
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
            connection.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json");

            int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();
            System.out.println("Response Code: " + responseCode);

            BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
            String inputLine;
            StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
            while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
                response.append(inputLine);
            }
            in.close();

            System.out.println("Response Content: " + response.toString());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2. 使用 OKHttp

OKHttp 是一个流行的第三方HTTP客户端,提供了更简洁的API和更强大的功能。

import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;
import java.io.IOException;

public class OKHttpExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
        String url = "http://www.example.com/api";

        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url(url)
                .build();

        try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
            if (response.isSuccessful()) {
                System.out.println("Response Code: " + response.code());
                System.out.println("Response Body: " + response.body().string());
            } else {
                System.out.println("Request Failed: " + response.code());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3. 使用 HttpClient

HttpClient 是Apache提供的HTTP客户端,支持各种HTTP协议,适用于复杂的网络请求。

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

public class HttpClientExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try (CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
            HttpGet request = new HttpGet("http://www.example.com/api");
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(request);

            int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
            System.out.println("Response Code: " + statusCode);
            String responseBody = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
            System.out.println("Response Body: " + responseBody);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

4. 使用 RestTemplate

RestTemplate 是Spring框架提供的一个高层次REST客户端,适合在Spring应用中使用。

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

public class RestTemplateExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        String url = "http://www.example.com/api";

        String response = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
        System.out.println("Response Body: " + response);
    }
}

总结

以上四种方法均可用于发送HTTP请求,并根据需求选择合适的方式:

  • HttpURLConnection 适用于较简单的HTTP请求,且不引入外部依赖。
  • OKHttp 提供了更友好的API和更多配置选项,适合需要处理较复杂请求的项目。
  • HttpClient这是一个功能比较强大的客户端,适合处理多种HTTP协议的请求。
  • RestTemplate 适合Spring应用,支持多种RESTful操作,使用简单。

选择合适的HTTP客户端,可以大大提高开发效率和代码的可维护性。

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